工会会员身份对农民工工资率的影响——基于代际差异的视角

本文采用2013年和2016年广东省佛山市南海区“雇主—雇员”匹配数据库,利用倾向得分匹配和工具变量等估计方法,实证检验了工会会员身份对农民工工资率的影响及其在两代农民工之间的差异,并进行了影响机制的探索和分析。研究发现,将工会会员身份的工资溢价效应分解为覆盖效应和会员效应后,覆盖效应的影响难以发挥,而会员效应的影响则存在代际差异,其只在新生代农民工中显著,而在第一代农民工中不显著。进一步研究发现,覆盖效应难以发挥主要是由于工会未能有效地开展集体协商,会员效应存在代际差异则是源于两代农民工不同的需求层次所导致的入会行为导向的不同。本文研究,有利于企业工会着力解决农民工的工资问题,建立农民工工资的长效增长机制,同时为企业构建和谐劳动关系以及实施多元化的人力资源管理策略等提供参考和借鉴。

The Influence of Trade Union Membership on the Wage Rate of Migrant Workers:From the Perspective of Inter-generational Differences

This paper uses the “ employer-employee” matching data of Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province in 2013 and 2016, and uses the estimation method of propensity score matching and instrumental variables to empirically test the influence of union membership on the wage rate of migrant workers and the differences between two generations of migrant workers, followed by the exploration and analysis of the mechanism. It is found that after the wage premium effect of union membership is decomposed into coverage effect and membership effect, the impact of coverage effect hardly exists, and the influence of membership effect has inter-generational differences, which is only significant in the new generation of migrant workers. Further study finds that the non-existence of the coverage effect is mainly due to the fact that the union fails to carry out collective bargaining. The inter-generational difference of the membership effect is due to the different behavior orientation of membership caused by different demand levels of two generations of migrant workers. The findings of this paper will help company trade unions to solve the wage problem of migrant workers, establish a long-term wage growth mechanism for migrant workers, and provide a reference for enterprises to build harmonious labor relations and implement diversified human resource management strategies.