鲁迅、卡夫卡的反讽艺术

反讽的最基本特征是不一致性,克尔凯郭尔将反讽界定为对虚元的无限否定性精神,也即反讽不再只是一种修辞形式,而是一种认知方式和生活态度,一种世界观。鲁迅、卡夫卡在小说创作中,大量运用并置、重复和戏拟的反讽形式,形成了叙事风格的两面性,即悲剧性与喜剧性并置,现实性与历史性重复,荒诞冷酷与神圣严肃交叉。而这种叙事风格的形成,来源于他们对现实世界的体验与思考。

Ironic Arts of Lu Xun and Kafka

The basie characteristic of irony is non - consistency. Kierkegaard's definition of irony is the indefinite negation of emptiness, that is, irony is not only a form of rhetoric, but also a way of cognition, life attitude and a kind of outlook. In their novels, both Lu Xun and Kafka used a lot of irony in the forms of co - existence, repetition and dramatic personification, developed the duality of narrative style: co -existence of tragedy and comedy, repetition of reality and history, mixture of absurd coldness and holy solemnity. The formation of such narrative style stemmed from their experience and consideration of the reality.