从美洲倡议看冷战后美国对拉美政策的变化

冷战结束后,布什政府提出美洲事业倡议,倡议以贸易、投资和债务为支柱,表明美国对拉美的政策重点由安全转向经济,由援助转向贸易,由不支持拉美地区经济一体化到主动领导美洲经济一体化,美拉关系也由冲突为主转向趋向合作。美洲倡议服从于美国一体两翼的战略需要,表明美洲作为一个整体参与到全球经济一体化的竞争之中。美洲倡议是美国面对冷战后国际形势、美国国内形势及拉美形势所做的积极主动的战略调整,标志着美国对拉美的政策由门罗主义式的势力范围的封闭政策转向门户开放式的开放政策,奠定了冷战后美国对拉美关系的大体框架。

Changes of U. S. Policies towards Latin-America during the Post-Cold-War Period Seen from the Perspective of EAI

That the Bush administration has put forward The Enterprise for the Americas Innitiative(EAI) after the Cold War,with trade,investment,and debt as its backbone,demonstrates that the stress of the U.S.policies to Latin-America has shifted from security to economy,from aid to trade,and from not supporting the integration of Latin-American economy to taking the lead in supporting it.And the relationship of the two parties has,too,shifted from collision to co-operation.EAI's affiliation to the needs of the U.S.strategy of One Entity,Two wings,indicates that,as a whole entity,Latin-America has come into the competition of the global economic integration.And EAI is a positive strategic readjustment of the U.S.in the contest of the post-Cold-War situation and that both at home and abroad.It symbolizes that the U.S.policies to Latin America have shifted from a close-in policy of influential sphere represented by the Monroe Doctrine to an open-up one,thus laying down the general framework for the post-Cold-War U.S.policies to Latin-America.