从内黄三杨庄聚落遗址看汉代农村民居形式的多样性

三杨庄遗址发现了汉代房屋,其特点是每个庭院都是独立的,互不相连,这与传世文献所定型的汉代农村印象有相当的不同。解释这种不同,大致有两种思路:一是认定传世文献对汉代农村居住形式的记载不完备,而把三杨庄遗址所见的庭院现象视为文献漏载的汉代民居的典型形式,以此可以要求重新改写关于汉代里居的既有含义;二是把三杨庄遗址所见的庭院现象视为特例,不把它视为汉代的典型农居。贾让《治河三策》在开篇处谈及:汉代一部分农夫,在原来黄河堤内的滩地上,稍筑室宅,遂成聚落,而且是稍去其城郭,排水泽而居之。如果我们以贾让所说的新起庐舍来观察和分析三杨庄遗址的房舍—农田的总体布局,似乎疑问可以豁然开释:这里不是汉代的寻常农村,而是在黄河滩地新垦殖区出现的新起庐舍。而传世文献所描述的闾里民居,对应的是贾让所谈及的城郭旧居。如此认识三杨庄遗址的性质,并没有降低其历史文化价值,而是更加拓展了它的研究空间。

A Study on the Diversity of the Village Houses from the Sanyangzhuang Relics in the Han Dynasty

The courtyards excavated from Sanyangzhuang village site were not conjoint each other but independent,which were different from the historical documents.There are two possibilities to explain this difference,one is to think of it as a typical village house,if so,it will change our knowledge on the basic social structure of the Han Dynasty.The other is to think of it as a special case.Jia Rang said in hisThree Measures of River Governingto the throne that some farmers left their old houses for the overflow l...