沉重的回归之旅——1980年代中国文学的知识分子话语之一

文革结束之后,一些作品致力于为知识分子辩护和请命,虽然大都没有获得知识分子自己的话语,但一些作品已经摆脱权威话语的全面笼罩,显示了不同于权威叙述的新特征。当时的文坛存在着知识背景很不相同的三代作家。知识分子话语复苏受益于受过五四新文化影响的老一代作家,同时也受益于50 年代那些“青年右派”作家昙花一现即被扼杀的声音。从不同话语之间的关系看,1980 年代是中国当代文学史上三种话语配合最为默契的一个时期。知识分子不仅支持了改革开放的意识形态,而且成功地充当了大众代言人。随着改革开放的深入,从根本上决定着知识分子话语发展状况的因素已经不在外部,而在知识分子的角色意识和自觉程度。

A Slow and Powerful Return--One of the Discourses of Chinese Literary Intellectuals in the 1980s

After the Cultural Revolution, some of the literary works are dedicated to defending the intellectuals. Though they did not take the form of the intellectuals’ discourses, some of the works have already shaken off the comprehensive dominance from the authoritative discourses, manifesting new characteristics distinct from the authoritative narrations. In the 1980s, in the literary circles there existed three generations of writers with different backgrounds. The resuscitation of intellectuals’ discourses owed to the older generation of writers influenced by the new culture in the May 4th movement and to the ‘Young Rightists’ of the 1950s, whose voices were immediately killed. The different relationships between the different discourses show that 1980s is a period of perfect harmony for the three discourses in the history of China’s modern literature. In this period, the intellectuals not only supported the ideology of reforming and opening-up but also successfully acted as the spokespersons of the general public. As the reform and opening-up drive develop, it is not the external factors that influence the development of the intellectuals’ discourses but the intellectuals’ sense of roles and degrees of self-consciousness.