空间与秩序：明清以来鄂东南地区的村落、祠堂与家族社会

鄂东南地区聚族而居的村落形态既受当地山区丘陵自然环境的影响,更是自宋以后,特别是明清以来外来移民不断迁入定居、繁衍的结果。而且移入先后的不同导致村落形成和扩散方式的差异,进而在一定区域内形成一姓数村、团状聚居和一娃一村,分散聚居等多种聚居模式。这种家族式聚居的村落形态为宗族的组织化管理提供了有利的生存土壤。来自江西等宗法文化较浓厚地区移民的迁入,以及不同族群为着生存空间的竞争,导致鄂东南地区在清代前期进入普遍的移民家族的组织化和制度化进程。以宗祠——支祠——家祠为层级的祠堂建筑格局与家族聚居区——自然村落——单个家庭的聚落形态相对应,体现出建筑格局与家族结构在某种程度上的契合。其中与自然村落相关联的支祠(鄂东南称之为祖堂、宗屋、公屋)更是构成所在村落的公共空间,并成为族人祭祀、娱乐、教育、生产等公共生活的核心,地理空间与血缘家族空间的重叠、建筑的象征功能与宗法组织的实际运作共同维系着清代以来鄂东南地区以家族为特征的乡村生产、生活秩序。

Space and Order:Village,Ancestral Temple and Clan Society in Southeast Hubei in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,village patterns of clan regions in Southeast Hubei Province were formed not only by hilly natural environment,but also due to migrations different in time and diffusion.There were settlement pat- terns such as several village with the same family name gathered in the same area,or one village with one family name scattered in the same area.Those village patterns nurtured clan organizations which were promoted by migrants from Juangxi and other regions of strong patriarchal tra...