俄国自然地理条件与封建经济发展特征

土壤和气候是制约农业生产最稳定的因素。俄国农业生产从古至今一直受到不利的自然气候因素的困扰 ,俄国大部分地区农业最重要的特点是劳动季节极为短暂 ,而西欧农业生产时间则很充裕。俄国各种矿产资源明显优越于西欧国家 ,但由于经济和社会制度落后于西欧 ,却不得不从国外进口煤、化学制品、钢和亚麻制品等。交通运输业的发展在很大程度上受制于地理环境 ,19世纪中期以前 ,俄国路况差 ,畜力车运行缓慢 ,运输业长期由水路唱主角 ,而水路因冬天封冻和存在枯水期 ,影响了物流畅通 ,工农业产品间难以交易。凡此种种自然因素 ,不能不影响到俄国封建经济的正常发展

Physical Geography Factors and Features of Feudal Economic Development in Russia

The constant restrictions on agricultural production are the soil and climate Agricultural production in Russia has been always disturbed by disadvantageous natural climate factors from ancient times Agricultural hours of labor in most areas in Russia are not so long as in the Western Europe. Russia is rich in resources, but it has to import coal, chemical productions, steel and linen because of its backward social economic systems Communications and transportation to large extent are restricted by physical geography factors Before the 19th century, land traffics in Russia were bad, so the leading roles were played by the waterway, which were frozen or dried up in winter In short, the influence of physical geography factors on the feudal economic development in Russia could not be neglected