家庭视角下中西部地区就近城镇化的形成逻辑及其影响

近年农民家庭在家乡县城购房已经成为中西部地区的普遍趋势，极大加速了这一区域就近城镇化进程。从农民生活世界出发，这主要缘于有限的家庭支付能力、家庭本位与乡土之根、区域婚备竞赛、子女教育需求、县级政府引导等多重因素。进城之后，农民家庭总体目标的转变塑造出了新的“一家三制”家庭形态，包括撑开在城-县-乡之间的家庭结构、半工-半耕-伴读的家计分工及积累性-保障性-发展性并行的家庭秩序。“一家三制”是中西部地区农民家庭应对现代性压力产生的新实践，也使得进城农民成为了兼具县城和乡村两种要素的“县乡两栖者”。县乡两栖打破了“城”与“乡”的地域边界，具有助推更高质量城乡融合发展的潜力，但也蕴藏着一定的家庭和社会危机。据此，建议将县乡两栖者作为推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴的政策重点对象，通过渐进式城镇化政策、合理确定县域产业建设定位和目标、统筹县域公共服务空间布局等手段，为其发挥积极功能创造更加有利的条件。

The Formation Logic and Impact of County Urbanization in the Central and Western Regions from the Perspective of Families

In recent years， it has become a common trend for peasant families to buy houses in their hometown counties in the central and western regions， which has greatly accelerated the process of county urbanization in this region. From the perspective of farmers’ life， This trend stems from multiple factors such as limited family payment capacity， family values and rural traditions， regional marriage competition， children’s education needs， and policy guidance of county-level governments. After moving to the city， the change in the overall goal of peasant families has shaped a new family form called“one family， three systems”， which includes family structures spanning across cities， counties， and rural areas， a division of labor between part-time work， farming， and accompanying children’s education， and a family order that balances accumulation， security， and development functions. The“three systems for one family”is a new practice adopted by peasant families in the central and western regions in response to the pressure of modernization， transforming peasants moving to the cities into “dual residents” with elements of both county towns and rural areas. This duality breaks down the geographical boundary between“city”and“rural area”，and has the potential to promote the development of higher-quality urban-rural integration， but it also carries certain family and social crises. Accordingly， it is suggested that dual residents should be regarded as the focus of policies to promote new urbanization and rural revitalization， and favorable conditions should be created for them to play an active role by means of gradual urbanization policies， reasonable determination of county industrial construction positioning and goals， and overall spatial layout of county public services.