融合环境下特殊幼儿学习品质现状及其影响因素——基于68所融合幼儿园的调查研究

学习品质是影响幼儿认知和社会性发展的重要因素。为考察融合环境下特殊幼儿学习品质的现状及其影响因素，以《幼儿学习品质评估表》《儿童行为量表》《同伴互动量表》为研究工具，采用教师评价的方式，对68所融合幼儿园的160名特殊幼儿进行测查。结果显示：1）特殊幼儿的学习品质整体处于中等水平，注意缺陷多动障碍幼儿的学习品质得分相对较低，中班幼儿的学习品质得分相对较高；2）特殊幼儿的学习品质与其问题行为和消极同伴互动间存在显著负相关；3）多动易分心、焦虑恐惧行为和游戏淡漠能负向预测特殊幼儿的学习品质。建议通过关注不同特殊幼儿的独特特点、发展特殊幼儿的适宜行为和营造积极的同伴互动环境等方式提升融合环境下特殊幼儿的学习品质。

The Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Learning Quality of Preschool Children with Special Needs in Inclusive Settings

Learning quality is an important factor affecting children’s cognitive and social development. In order to investigate the current situation and influencing factors of learning quality of preschool children with special needs in inclusive settings，the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale，the Child Behavior Scale and the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale were used as research tools to measure 160 children with special needs in 68 inclusive kindergartens by teachers’ assessment. The results showed that：1） The learning quality of preschool children with special needs was at a medium level as a whole. Specifically，children with ADHD scored lower，while children aged 4 to 5 years scored higher. 2） There was a significant negative correlation between the learning quality of preschool children with special needs and their problem behaviors，their negative peer interactions. 3） Hyperactive-distractible behaviors，anxious-fearful behaviors and play disconnection behaviors，can negatively predict the learning quality of preschool children with special needs. It is recommended that the learning quality be enhanced by paying attention to the unique characteristics of each child with special needs，fostering their appropriate behaviors，and establishing a positive environment for peer interactions.