入汉士人之精神困局与大赋之体的先导

大赋发生于汉初，直接动因有二：其一，入汉士人出于天生的社会责任心，不忘刺世；又面对从未有过的盛世，油然而生颂美。对汉大赋而言，文人徒有兼顾美、刺之念，终于只能将刺、关二端分置于大赋的评论和创作两个方面。赋家呈现出了一种较为典型的具有分裂倾向的双重人格特征，折射出入汉士人面对新的社会形势所选择的权变的处世方式。其二，真正开启大赋体式的却是面对刘汉新政权尚能保持更多文人本性的陆贾。

THE SPIRITUAL DILEMMA OF THE HAN INTELLECTUALS AND THE BEGINNING OF HAN FU

Fu, the rhymed prose, was developed in the early part of the Han Dynasty. The development of Fu was the result of two main facts. Firstly, those writers of Fu, the Han intellectuals, were born with a sense of social responsibility and wanted to be critical in their writings, and they tried to show their appreciation of the unprecedented social prosperity in a beautiful literary form. However, to those writers, despite their intention to make their work both critical and beautiful, scarcely could they achieve a combination of both effects. Most of them just achieved beauty in their own writings and criticalness in their critics on others＇ work. Among those writers, an obvious tendency of multiple personality could be observed, which reflects the intellectuals＇ flexible attitude toward the new social trends and situations. Secondly, the writer who successfully demonstrated the two effects in Fu was Lu Jia, who kept the nature of literati at a time when a new regime began.