“逍遥”三论——陈寅恪先生《逍遥游向郭义及支遁义探源》读后

《逍遥游》是庄子文章中的重要篇章 ,自古至今对该篇旨意的理解歧义纷纭。其中最重要的传统看法 ,就是“向、郭”和“支遁”的两种观点。向、郭认为《逍遥游》中大鹏与小鸟都逍遥 ,支道林 (遁 )认为大鹏、小鸟都不逍遥。文章介绍陈寅恪先生如何判断向、郭观点来源于当时流行的才性论 ;并疏释出陈先生认为支道林观点源于佛家《道行经》的根据。文章认为 :如果服膺陈先生考证 ,则两家观点对《逍遥游》的解释 ,皆是源于时代风气 ,属“自出机杼” ,遮蔽了庄子创作《逍遥游》的本意。关于庄子《逍遥游》一篇旨意 ,文章进一步作了考证 ,认为其主旨是大鹏逍遥 ,小鸟不逍遥 ,并以此凸现庄子道、物对立的哲学观点 ,廓清了前人对该篇旨意的误解。

Three points concerning ZHUANG Zhou''''s Wandering About at Leisure

Opinions differ as to how to interpret the tenor of ZHUANG Zhou's important work Wandering About at Leisure.XIANG and GUO argued that both the gigantic roc and the little bird were at leisure whereas ZHI Dun (alias ZHI Daolin) held that neither Gigantic roc nor the little bird were at leisure.CHEN Yinke found that the former had originated from"Cai Xing Lun"(The Doctrine of Talent and Demeanor),and the latter,from the Buddhist Daoxing Jing (Scriptures of Moral Attainments). From his findings the author of this paper concludes that the two interpretations had been formed in face of the current tendencies at their respective times and both had run counter to ZHUANG Zhou's original intention,then goes on to state the viewpoint that the gigantic roc is at leisure while the little bird is not,thereby giving prominence to the Taoist philosophy of opposites between the Way of Nature and matter.