共生理论视角下草原生态关系研究——以甘南草原为例

共生理论首先出现在生物学,然后因为其广泛的适用性被应用于经济学、社会学和人类学等学科领域。以共生理论来解读甘南草原的生态关系是一次全新的尝试。根据其原理认为:人、畜和草是草原生态中基础的共生单元,其中人是核心;传统的游牧生计模式是典型的互惠共生模式;而草原现代生计模式,即草原家庭或者联户承包责任制,是典型的偏利共生模式;草原的共生环境包括自然环境与人文环境。基于此得出实现藏族传统生态伦理的回归,开展合作运动,建立牧民专业合作社,是治理草原生态最合理、有效的路径。

A Study of Ecological Relationship of Grassland from the Perspective of Symbiosis Theory: A Case Study of Gannan Grassland

The symbiosis theory was first used in biology, and later is applied to economics, sociology, anthropology, etc. because of its comprehensive adaptability. It is a new try to apply the symbiosis theory to analyze the ecological relationship of Gannan Grassland. According to the symbiosis theory, it is claimed that people, domestic animals and grassland are the basic symbionic units in ecological relationship of grasslands, but the core part lies in people. The traditional nomadic livelihood mode is a typical mutually beneficial and symbionic mode, while the modern grassland livelihood mode, i.e., grassland household responsibility system, is a typical symbionic laterality mode. The symbionic environment of grasslands includes both the natural and the cultural environments. Based on the theory, it is concluded that the return of Tibetans to traditional ecological ethnics, the cooperation and the building of herder are the most reasonable and productive method for administering the ecological system of grasslands.