北方都市农业立体种养模式及设施研究

我国城市化进程过快导致市郊农业岌岌可危:耕地短缺、污染严重、疫病传播,农产品质量、产量不能满足需求,且因气候影响,北方更甚。因此,北方都市农业立体种养模式及设施应势而生,该设施采用地上、地下立体空间架构,将种植、养殖相结合,地上建有蔬菜大棚,大棚地下为封闭式养鸡场。大棚选用玻化微珠相变保温沙浆复合墙体,并配有防寒沟等保暖设施;鸡舍为密闭结构,配备相应的粪污、空气处理等辅助设施,可有效隔离传染源和外界刺激。此结构可保证种养过程废弃物污染几乎为零,冬季无需外部供暖,且土地利用效率为普通设施的二倍以上。

The Urban Agricultural Multistory Cropping and Raising Mode and Facilities in Northern China

The urban agriculture of our country is hazarded by the excessive enlargement of urbanization, which caused shortage of soil, infection of disease and urgent pollution, especially in the northern China which is badly affected by unpleasant climate. So a dimensional cropping raising pattern and a self containing facility were designed. This facility contains a greenhouse and a barton, and it features ground underground structure: the greenhouse is up to the ground and barton is located under the bottom to the greenhouse. Thus it combines copping and feeding together. The greenhouse contains composite wall with thermal insulation and phase change mortar of Glazed Hollow Beads and warm keeping corollary equipment, such as ditch for against freezing. The barton possesses enclosed structure with feces treater, air condition, and other auxiliary equipment, which ward infection source out effectively. The invention allows agricultural production restrict minimal pollution, dispense heating supply; and the efficiency of land utilization could be twice as much as normal facilities.