咸丰六年江南大旱与社会应对

历史上江南地区最主要的自然灾害是水患,但旱灾的发生也很频繁。本文在以往研究的基础上,以咸丰六年江南特大旱灾为中心,对地方灾害与社会应对问题作了初步的清理,并发现:政府对灾荒的救济,在清代有一个显著的转折,即咸丰朝前后政府救济的力度和重视程度因内乱外患、军政祸乱频兴而有很大的差异。自咸丰朝开始,民生的救赈已基本转移到地方政府身上,而以绅商地主为代表的地方力量在其间发挥了重大作用,地方秩序稳定已成了第一要务。

Serious Drought in Jiangnan and Social Countermeasures in the 6th Year of Xianfeng

This article took the serious drought in Jiangnan in the 6th year of Xianfeng for case studies and discussed the social countermeasures for disasters.The author found that there was an obvious change of the government,s relief for disaster in Qing Dynasty.Before and After the Xianfeng government,the strength and attention of the government on the relief had many differences due to the domestic and outside threats.From the Xianfeng Period,government relief mainly depended on local governments.Local strength such as gentry-merchants and landlords had great influence in it.The stability of local order became the most important thing.