苹果种植户生产环节外包行为研究——基于陕、甘、鲁三省960户调查数据

基于山东、陕西和甘肃三个苹果主产省11个县（市）87个村庄的960个苹果种植户实地调查数据，利用二元Logistic模型对影响苹果种植户生产环节外包行为的主要因素进行实证分析，研究发现：苹果生产决策者的年龄，家庭中种苹果的劳动力人数、兼业化程度对农户苹果生产环节外包行为有显著负向影响；苹果生产决策者的受教育程度，家庭苹果种植年限，苹果种植规模对农户苹果生产环节外包行为有显著正向影响。此外，不同地区农户苹果生产环节外包程度差异明显。因此，为了寻找促进苹果产业规模化、专业化、现代化发展的对策，政府应加强中年苹果种植劳动力的务农技能培训，构建更具有针对性的劳动力社会化服务供需对接机制和信息服务平台，通过完善土地流转政策扩大农户苹果生产经营规模，根据区域特征差异制定和实施因地制宜的苹果生产节本增效发展战略。

A Study on the Outsourcing Behaviors of Apple Growers:Based on the Survey Data of 960 Households in Shanxi,Gansu and Shandong Provinces

Based on the binary logistic model and field survey data of 960 apple growers in 87 villages of 11 counties (cities) in Shandong,Shaanxi and Gansu provinces,this paper empirically analyzed the main factors influencing the outsourcing behavior of apple growers. It was found that the age of the decision maker,number of labor forces planting apples per family,the degree of concurrent work were negatively associated with the outsourcing behavior yet other factors had an obviously positive effect on the outsourcing of apple production,including the education degree of apple production decision maker,the years of apple planting and the scale of apple cultivation. Moreover,the degree of outsourcing of apple production in different regions is obviously different. Therefore,the government should strengthen the labor skills training of the middle-aged apple growers,build a more targeted supply-and-demand docking mechanism and information service platform to find the countermeasures to promote the large-scale,specialization and modernization of apple industry. The scale of production and management should be expanded through the land-transfer policy and a cost saving and efficient development strategy should be carried out according to regional differences.