关于拉美国家现代化研究若干问题的探讨

本文根据对拉美国家现代化进程的初步研究,对“拉国家现代化的起始时间”、“发展模式转换的‘钟摆现象’”、“工业进程的大反复”、“农业现代化的路径选择”、“城市化进程与工业化进程不协调”、“社会变迁与社会分化”、“政治现代化的曲折经历”等重要现象或问题提出自己的看法,即:如果过分依赖于指标体系去判断问题,很可能会使研究工作陷入某种误区;西方国家的现代化是在不同的文化、历史、国情等背景下进行的,从这些进程中总结出来的经验,即便是客观的、严谨的,也不可能为当代的广大发展中国家提供一条现成的现代化道路,拉美国家的历史经验表明,当代发展中国家的现代化必须坚持走“自己的道路”,而对这条道路的探索,也不可能一蹴而就,它应当在实践中不断深化,应当贯穿于现代化的全过程。

An Explorative Discussion about Study Problems of the Modernization Process of Latin-American Countries

On the basis of an introductive study of the modernization process of Latin-American countries,this essay put forth its own opinions in such phenomena or problems as "the initiative time of the process","the pendulum phenomenon" of "changing development patterns","big reversals of industrialization process","the path of agricultural modernization","the disharmony between the process of urbanization and that of industrialization","social change and splits",and "the zigzagging road of political modernization".That is,the judge is done unduly dependently on index system in study of problems,which might most probably make the study fall into a wrong zone;it is impossible for developed countries to provide most developing ones with an successfully-existing road of modernization because of the difference of culture,history and national reality between them,though the successful experience summarized from developed countries is objective and serious;the developing countries must explore to "walk along their own way" in the process of modernization,which otherwise,can't be achieved at a stroke,and which should be deepened continuously during the modernization process from beginning to end.