我国当代农村单人户研究

1982年以来,中国农村的单人户性别构成以男性为主体,其所占比例超过60%.单人户的年龄结构,男性以中青年为主,女性则以中老年为主.单人户的婚姻状况,男性以未婚比例最大,女性以丧偶居多.单人户大龄未婚男性与同龄已婚者相比,文盲率、小学以下低受教育程度率明显较高.30岁以上单人户妇女多数有存活子女,但单人户妇女无存活子女的比例大大高于同龄组所有家庭户妇女,并且3个以上存活子女的比例又比所有家庭户妇女低.无存活子女和少存活子女的妇女原来所生活的家庭(夫妇家庭和核心家庭)较易向单人户"转型".当代农村劳动力外出务工增加对特定年龄段单人户的形成起到提升作用.无论年青人,还是年老者,生活在单人户的可能性在增长.中国农村的大龄失婚和老年单人户的社会保障问题需要予以更多关注.

A Study of Single-person Households of Contemporary Rural Areas

Since 1982, among the Single-person households, man householders have constituted the majority in rural ar- eas. Its proportion surpassed over 60 percent. About age structure of single-person householders, main part of the men was middle age and youth, while middle and old age occupied the majority. For marriage status of single-person house- holder, most of the men were not married, while most of the women were viduals. Compared with all same age married men, there were more illiteracy and only having short term education among single-person householders, most of women over age 30 had lived children. Among single-person householders, the proportion of women with no children was higher than all the same age women, and among these women, proportion of having over 3 lived children was higher than all the same age women. Families that women with no live births and had few live births lived relatively turned into single-person households. In the contemporary times, labor force of rural areas going out for job leaded to single-person households in- crease in some small families. Regardless youth and old people, the possibility that they lived in single-person households had increased. Government should pay attention to social security of single men over age 30 and old people.