Organizational equilibrium and organizational change: two different perspectives of the multinational enterprise

This article contrasts traditional models of MNE organizational design against newer models, represented by transnationalism and heterarchy. The important characteristics are fundamentally different. Traditional models tend to be models of equilibrium, while the newer models are largely models of change. With the intent of reconciling the two theories, it is argued that the new change-oriented models are most applicable at the micro levels of MNEs, while traditional equilibrium models are more applicable at the macro levels.