试析宋代城镇雇工发达之原因

雇工是中国经济史上一种古老而常见的经济现象。入宋后,伴随着封建社会的急剧变革和经济的空前高涨,使雇工的发展面临着前所未有的历史机遇。于是,雇工这一古代社会最底层的劳动群体再趋活跃,广泛分布于当时社会的生产和生活等各个领域。宋代城镇雇工发达的原因可以从农民人身依附关系的松弛、农民生活的艰辛、土地兼并的严重、人地矛盾的加剧及宋代城镇规模扩大,经济繁荣等方面窥其端倪。

An Analysis on Reasons for the Rapid Increase of Employees in Towns in the Song Dynasty

Employment has been a common economic phenomemon in the economic history of China. With the abrupt change of feudal society as well as rapid development of economy, employees, labourers of the lowest working-calss, increased at an unprecedented speed in all fields of production and life in society. This paper makes an analysis of the reasons for the rapid increase of employees in towns in the Song Dynasty on three aspects: farmers, land and development of towns.