论亚当·斯密的经济哲学思想--从《国富论》到《道德情操论》

市场经济理论的基本前提是“经济人”假设,但如何对“经济人”进行定位,直接影响着市场经济的实践。从经济学的角度看,所谓“经济人”即指以追求自我利益最大化为目的而从事经济活动的人;但从哲学的角度看,现实的经济人不应当是单一地谋求利益最大化的人,他也有非理性地偏离最大化的一面。对此,亚当.斯密从经济哲学的角度对两者如何在统一于市场行为者的现实活动中进行了分析。全面掌握亚当.斯密这一经济哲学思想对进入21世纪的中国着手建立健全市场经济秩序、解决效率与公平、经济的可持续发展等问题具有十分重要的现实意义。

On Adam Smith's Economic Philosophical Thoughts

The basic premise of market economy is hypothesis of economic man.But how to position Economic Man directly affects the practice of market economy.From the angle of economics,Economic man refers to the person who is engaged in economic activities aiming to maximize his profits.But from the angel of philosophy,a real-life economic man is not only a profit-maximizing person,but also deviates irrationally to the greatest extent.Adam Smith had a profound analysis on how the two points are converged in the market practitioners' activities from the angle of economic philosophy.A full mastery of Adam Smith's economic philosophical thoughts is significant for the twenty-first century China in establishing a sound market economy system,solving efficiency and equalization and realizing continuing development.