论明清时期的土舍

土舍在土司家族中具有不可忽视的地位 ,它同早期的土司一样是由土目转化而来 ,之后又转化为不同级别的土司及土司自署官员。揭秘土舍问题系揭开土司政治家族化内幕的关键。本文以明清时期两次“改土归流”之间的历史事件为背景 ,对土司管区土舍的源流、官僚化、类型、职权诸问题作了较为系统的考察

On Tushe in the Period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Tushe can not be neglected in the clan of an appointed hereditary ethnic minority headman, like Tusi (appointed hereditary ethnic minority headmen) in the early period, Tushe were also evolved fromTumu (local ethnic minority headmen at grass-roots level), who were later appointed as local hereditary ethnic minority headmen at different levels and officials appointed by such headmen.Probing into the question of Tushe is very important for revealing what went on behind the clanization of the politics of appointed hereditary ethnic minority headmen. This article makes a quite systematic study of questions such as Tushe 's origin, bureaucratization, classification, authority of office, etc. in ethnic minority areas administrated by appointed hereditary headmen against the background of the historical incidents happened in the period of abolishing the system of appointing hereditary ethnic minority headmen and bring the ethnic minority areas under the unified provincial administration twice in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.