《琵琶记》意义新探--兼谈悲剧的形而上特质

现代有关<琵琶记>意义的诠释,包括当前主要的"伦理矛盾说"和"性格缺陷说",皆未出"五四"以来现代话语结构中对传统儒家思想及国民性批判否定的层面.而自德国古典哲学以来的重要悲剧思想,无不强调悲剧的形而上特质,其中包括终极性认识和终极性超越两个方面.作为经典悲剧作品,<琵琶记>具有较之以往理解更为普遍的深层诠释空间,其间所表现的父子之间"孝"与"孝",君臣之间"孝"与"忠"的冲突,从根本上来说,展示了理想价值体系在具体时空当中的分割、对立和冲突,体现了有限中的人对完美理想的不懈追求.这个更深层次的诠释,不仅丰富了<琵琶记>的意义,而且能够加深对悲剧本质的认识.

A New Interpretation of Pipa Story: A Commentary on the Metaphysical Traits of Tragedy

The modern interpretations of the theme of Pipa Story, including the popular "ethic contradictions" and "defective personality" nowadays, still center on the refutation and criticism of the traditional Confucianism and the people's character at that time, which are confined within the discourse of the May 4th Movement. All the important ideas on tragedy since the classic philosophy of Germany have emphasized the metaphysical traits of tragedy, including its ultimate cognition and ultimate transcendence. Pipa Story, a classic tragedy, has very rich connotations. The author believes that the conflicts of "filiality" between the son and the father and the conflicts of "filiality" and "loyalty" between the king and the cabinet ministers reveal the conflicts of ideal values mirrored in the reality and the continuous pursuit of ideals by the common people, which is not only a new interpretation of Pipa Story but also a deeper understanding of the nature of tragedy.