民航旅客黑名单制度法律问题探讨

中国学者对民航旅客黑名单问题的探讨之前主要侧重于必要性与合理性的探讨。近年来，随着民航旅客黑名单制度的建立实施，关于必要性与合理性的探讨已经基本告一段落，民航旅客黑名单范围出现了不断扩大的趋势。从狭义的可能危及航空安全的黑名单扩展到了其他诸多领域、诸多部门参与的广义的黑名单。其引发的主要法律问题包括民航旅客黑名单的法律依据问题、制定民航旅客黑名单的主体问题、列入民航旅客黑名单的对象问题、民航旅客黑名单的法律效力问题以及民航旅客黑名单人员救济问题。航空承运人自行制定的黑名单属于民事范畴，行政机关制定的黑名单则属于行政行为，根据黑名单的不同性质，旅客应享有民事诉讼和行政诉讼等救济渠道。

Legal Issues of the Blacklist for Civil Aviation Passengers

The study on the legal issues of civil aviation passengers blacklist used to focused on the necessity and rationality. In recent years, according to the establishment of the blacklist system, the discussion about necessity and rationality almost came to an end. The legal issues of civil aviation passengers blacklist range from the legal resource of making such blacklist, to who has the power to make the blacklist, who may be put into the blacklist, and what remedies the passengers can get. In different blacklists the passengers may use different proceedings such as civil lawsuit and administrative proceedings.