高等教育项目治理与学术治理的张力空间——兼论教育评价改革如何促进项目制改革

项目制作为一种治理工具,已经内嵌到我国高等教育领域,并逐渐固化为一种常用的治理手段.项目制在带来治理效率和治理效果等正向积极作用的同时,也存在一些违背学术治理规律的空间,致使学术治理与项目治理之间存在一定的矛盾,这其中既包括治理目标的确定性、精准性与不确定性、模糊性之间的矛盾,也包括治理方式的专向性、碎片化与灵活性、整体性之间的矛盾,权力运行机制中自上而下与自下而上之间的矛盾.鉴于此,应通过加强制度建设创新学术评价体制机制,推动项目制改革,将项目治理中不适宜学术评价改革的部分以及不符合学术发展规律的部分,加以调整和优化,进而实现既充分发挥项目治理的独特优势和技术理性,又遵循学术治理和学术评价的内在逻辑和发展规律的统一,在学术治理和项目治理之间始终保持一定的张力空间.

The tension space between higher education project governance and academic governance: How to promote the reform of project system in the reform of educational evaluation

As a governance tool, project system has been embedded in the field of higher education in China, and gradually solidified into a common means of university governance. Project system not only brings positive effects such as governance efficiency and governance effect, but also violates academic rationality and academic rules, resulting in certain contradictions between academic governance and project governance, including the contradiction between the certainty, accuracy, uncertainty and fuzziness of governance objectives, the specificity, fragmentation, flexibility and integrity of governance modes, and the contradiction between top-down and bottom-up of power operation. Thus, we should innovate the academic evaluation system and mechanism by strengthening the system construction, and promote the reform of project system. We should adjust and optimize the part of project governance that is not suitable for academic evaluation reform and that does not respect the law of academic development. Then we can not only give full play to the unique advantages and technical rationality of project governance, but also follow the internal logic and development law of academic governance and academic evaluation, so as to maintain a certain tension space between academic governance and project governance.