食物节约立法中违法行为的类型探讨

科学划定食物浪费违法行为的类型,是食物节约立法的重中之重.划分食物浪费违法行为的类型,行为主体、行为模式和主观过错是三个核心的考量因素.从行为主体的视角,可以划分为消费者浪费食物的行为、餐饮经营者或者食堂管理者浪费食物的行为、超市经营者浪费食物的行为、食品生产者浪费食物的行为、食品运输者浪费食物的行为和其他需要法律规制的食物浪费行为;从行为模式的视角,可以根据不同的情境划分为公共场合的浪费行为与私人场合的浪费行为,偶尔浪费的行为和多次浪费的行为,独自实施浪费的行为和组织他人群体实施浪费的行为;从主观过错的视角,可以划分为故意浪费食物的行为和过失浪费食物的行为.并非所有浪费食物的行为都应当纳入法律的调整范围,立法应当针对不同类型食物浪费的行为,合理确定认定违法行为的标准.

Discussion on the types of illegal acts in food conservation legislation

It is the most important task to scientifically define the types of illegal acts of food waste in food conservation legislation. To classify the types of illegal acts of food waste, behavior subject, behavior mode and subjective fault are the three core factors. From the perspective of behavior subject, it can be divided into consumers'' behavior of wasting food, restaurant operators'' or canteen managers'' behavior of wasting food, supermarket operators'' behavior of wasting food, food producers'' behavior of wasting food, food transporters'' behavior of wasting food and other food waste behaviors that need legal regulation. From the perspective of behavior patterns, illegal acts of food waste can be divided into public and private behavior, occasional waste behavior and multiple waste behavior, waste behavior alone and organizing others to implement waste behavior. From the perspective of subjective fault, it can be divided into intentional food waste behavior and negligent food waste behavior. Not all food waste behaviors should be included in the regulation scope of law. The legislation should reasonably determine the standards for identifying illegal behaviors.