环境规制、经济结构与资源型城市就业——基于资源型城市与非资源型城市的对比分析

文章抓住资源型城市最突出的经济特征,从经济结构的视角考察了环境规制对资源型城市劳动力就业的影响,认为单一的产业结构和偏国有的所有制结构抑制了环境规制就业创造效应的发挥.利用中国2005—2016年282个城市(包括112个资源型城市和170个非资源型城市)的面板数据进行实证检验,结果发现:对于资源型城市和非资源型城市,环境规制就业效应均存在明显的门槛特征;当产业结构越过门槛值时,环境规制对资源型城市就业由促进转变为抑制作用,相反对于非资源型城市则由抑制转变为促进;当越过所有制结构门槛值时,无论是资源型还是非资源型城市,环境规制都会对就业率产生不利的影响.在加快资源型城市转型发展背景下,做优做强第二产业,降低国有企业投资比重,是解决当前资源型城市再就业问题的重要途径.

Environmental regulation, economic structure and employment inresource-based cities: Comparative analysis of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities

In view of the most prominent economic characteristics of the resource-based cities, this paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on the employment of resource-based cities from the perspective of economic structure. This paper finds that the single industrial structure and the ownership structure of more state ownership are difficult to play the employment creation effect of environmental regulation. The results show that there are obvious threshold characteristics in the employment effect of environmental regulation in resource-based cities by using the panel data of 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2016, including 112 resource-based cities and 170 non-resource-based cities. When the industrial structure surpasses the threshold, environmental regulation changes from promoting to restraining the employment of resource-based cities, on the contrary, it changes from restraining to promoting for non-resource-based cities. When crossing the threshold value of ownership structure, environmental regulation will have a negative impact on employment rate in both resource-based and non-resource-based cities. In the background of speeding up the transformation and development of resource-based cities, it is an important way to solve the problem of reemployment of resources-based cities by optimizing the replacement industry, making the second industry strong and reducing the investment proportion of the state-owned enterprises.