日本农业现代化之路径

日本农业现代化走了一条与欧美先进国家实现农业现代化不同的道路,取得显著效果,被誉为“日本模式”。日本农业的最大特点是人多地少,土地分散,小规模经营,根据这一国情日本选择改良品种和改良土壤在先,机械化在后的道路,具体路径:“土地改良———化学化———良种化———机械化”。中日两国的农业资源和农业环境禀赋有许多相同之处,日本农业现代化的经验教训对正在发展中的中国农业现代化有一定的启迪和借鉴意义。

An Approach to Agricultural Modernization by Japan

The Japanese agriculture modernization is quite different from that in the developed western countries.It has made brilliant achievements and wide distinction of pieces of land,for which the term "Japanese model" is given.The vast population with limited resources and the decentralized management have become the main features of Japanese agriculture.Under this situation,the government is determined to take the improvement of soil and seeds as the top mission in order to overcome its disadvantage.The whole process is:(i) improvement of soil;(ii) chemical synthesis;(iii) seed multiplication;(iv) mechanization.China has many similarities in agricultural resources and environment to Japan.By analyzing the development of Japanese agriculture,we can get some insight into the current agricultural modernization in China.