尼采的“权力意志论”辨析

尼采的“权力意志论”源于叔本华的“生存意志论”。尼采把世界的根本理解为“权力意志”,其目的是想表达生命世界的生成、创造和提升的特征。尼采笔下的权力意志具有非主观的实在性、追求自身力之保持或增长的能动性以及价值关系性。它有两种基本类型:原创的权力意志和颓废的权力意志,这一思想鲜明地体现了尼采的哲学—伦理学的价值论特征。“权力意志论”的积极意义在于感性能动地理解世界,恢复了“价值创造”在世界中的地位,否定了幸福主义意志论的被动性和理性主义意志论的抽象理智性;其根本局限在于无视客观世界的多样性,陷入了抽象的还原主义和唯意志论。

A Discrimination of Nietzsche's "Theory of the Will to Power"

Nietzsche's "theory of the will to power" takes root in Schopenhauer's "theory of the activity of the will".Nietzsche interprets the essence of the world as "the will to power",with the purpose to represent the characteristics of the formation,creativity and exaltation of the world of life.Nietzsche's "the will to power" is endowed with the non-subjective substantiality,the activity in the maintenance and increase of the self-power and axiological relativity,and it has two basic types: the original will to power and the decadent will to power.This theory embodies the axiological characteristics of Nietzsche's philosophy——ethics.Its significance lies in that it knows the world sensitively and actively,restores the status of "the creativity of value" in the world,negates the passiveness of fortunistic voluntarism and the abstract wisdom of rationalistic voluntarism.The major limitation of the theory is that Nietzsche defies the diversity of the objective world,and is thus trapped in the abstract reductionism and voluntarism.