以本文为中心的合理性及其局限--浅论英美新批评的形成、发展和影响

新批评作为20世纪最重要的批评流派之一,具有其发展的历史文化背景、理论来源、基本特征、理论成就和局限.新批评派从折衷主义哲学立场出发,在理论上试图调和文学与现实、理性与感性的对立,试图突破旧形式主义的框架,并出神入化地运用语义学方法分析文学作品语言,进而分析作品的结构,取得了令人信服的研究实绩.但是,新批评以绝对的、孤立的本文作为文学批评的出发点和归宿,排斥对文学作品产生的社会历史原因的分析,无视作者心理、读者反应和社会效果,这无疑是新批评的最大局限.

Rationality and Limitation of Text-centered Criticism--A discussion on the emergence, development and influence of new criticism in Britain and the U.S.

New criticism as one of the most important schools of criticism in the 20th century has its own particular historical and cultural background for development, theoretical sources, basic features, theoretical achievements and limitations. The new criticism school, starting from the philosophical standpoint of eclecticism, has tried theoretically to conciliate the clashes between literature and reality, and rationality and sensibility; to breakthrough the frame of the old formalism; and to use by superb the semantic methods to analyze the literary language and to analyze the structure, which has achieved some convincing research results. However, new criticism regards this absolute and isolated text as the starting point and end-result of literary criticism while excluding the analysis of the causative social and historical factors that lead to the literary works and ignoring the readers' psychology, response and social effect--this is undoubtedly the biggest limitation of new criticism.