认知语境原型效应在相声创作中的功能实现

认知语境包括词语、百科知识和逻辑三方面的信息。在词语信息方面,相声包袱的建构主要是利用语义等方面的信息;在逻辑信息方面,主要是利用逻辑语用前提、类比推理等方面的信息;在百科知识信息方面涉及的范围比较广,但往往是利用人们比较普遍熟知的知识。各种信息都存在一定的原型效应,相声创作充分地利用了这种认知语境原型效应中的典型或非典型形式,使它们以及以它们为语用前提而推导出来的结论之间形成一种极大的矛盾,或极度的不和谐,或强烈的对立,从而导致相声包袱的产生,这是相声能使人开怀一笑的重要的心理原因。

Functional Realization of Prototype Structure of Cognitive Context in Comic Dialogue Composition

Cognitive context consists of lexical information,encyclopedic knowledge and logical information.As for lexical information,the composition of comic dialogues exploits mainly lexical devices;in logical information,logical pragmatic presupposition and analogical inference are greatly employed;encyclopedic knowledge ranges widely,especially those familiar to people.In the course of composing comic dialogues,typical and non-typical prototype structures,contained in all kinds of information,are fully employed to stage sharp contrasts between them and between the results inferred by them as pragmatic premises are achieved to arouse great paradox,extreme disharmony or strong contradiction,therefore producing stunt in cross talk,which is the important psychological factor which helps to amuse people.