国际贸易中环境成本内部化及发展中国家对策

随着环境保护日益受到重视,贸易与环境之间的矛盾越来越突出,甚至连国际贸易自由化的原则也受到质疑。但环境问题的根源并不在国际贸易,而是由于环境成本没有内部化造成了产品价格的扭曲和市场失灵。解决这一问题的根本途径之一就是要实现环境成本内部化。而环境成本内部化又会对国际贸易产生一些重要影响,特别是发展中国家在环境成本内部化过程中面临比较利益的损失,需要根据实际情况,采取循序渐进的方法解决贸易和环境保护的问题。

Internalization of Environmental Cost in InternationalTrade and Developing Countries' Countermeasures

As increasingly more attention is paid to environmental protection, the conflict between trade and environment becomes more and more serious. Worst of all, the principle of trade liberalization has been sub-jected to reexamination. Yet the root of environmental problem is not the international trade itself but the ex-ternalization of environmental cost in stead. The best way of resolving this problem is to internalize environmental cost. Internalization of environmental cost has great effect on the international trade, especially to the developing countries which are subject to the loss of comparative advantages and they should resolve the problem on the basis of the actual situation in a continuous and effective way.