失地农民城市角色的定位与思考

失地农民已不再是完全意义上的农民,他们失去了最主要的生产资料———土地,就业领域发生了重大变化,收入来源呈非农化和多元化倾向,家庭支出数量与结构发生了明显变化,从土地保障开始向社会保障转化,住房及居住环境发生了变化。同时,失地农民又不是真正意义上的市民,与城市居民相比在经济上,社会制度上、政治权利与参与上、文化和心理上都存在着较大的差别。失地农民身份的定位只能是市民,工业化是失地农民身份转换的根本,城市化是失地农民身份转换的基础,一体化是失地农民身份转换的保障,渐进化是失地农民身份转换的过程。实现失地农民城市角色的转化,必须改革现有的户籍制度,将失地农民纳入城镇社会保障体系,消除失地农民与市民就业上的不平等,给进城农民提供基本的住房条件,通过教育尽快使失地农民融入城市社会,适应市民生活。

On the Position of the Land-less Farmers in the City

Landless farmers are not farmers in the true sense of the term because without their main means of production they have quite different employment with a diversity of income sources and different expenditures. They have experienced a transition from the land security to the social security as well as the changes of their living quarters and environment.At the same time,they are not the city-citizens in the true sense of the term because they are different in terms of economy,social system,political right,culture and psychology.The landless farmers are civilians.Industrialization and urbanization are the base of their changed identity,and integration is the guarantee for such identity which is realized in a gradual process.Their fusion in the city relies on the transformation of the existing household registration system,a workable social security system and equal employment and education as well as other equal rights.