收入再分配政策能否兼顾效率与公平的经济学分析

长期以来,社会各界对于“收入再分配政策能否兼顾效率与公平”问题一直存在着激烈的争论,而对于这一问题的回答不仅具有深远的理论意义,而且具有重要的政策涵义.为此,本文通过构建数理经济模型的方法,参与对这一问题的理论探讨.根据本文理论模型的分析,得出一个关键结论:在一些参数条件下,再分配政策可以兼顾效率与公平；而在另一些参数条件下,“效率与公平”这两个政策目标之间存在冲突.本文的这一结论并没有简单支持以往的任何一种观点,而是表明:如果能够根据经济发展水平,合理设计收入再分配政策,就可以实现效率与公平兼顾的政策目标；如果再分配政策的设计与经济发展水平不相适应,那么旨在改善收入分配不平等状况的再分配政策就会阻碍经济增长.

Economic Analysis of Whether Redistribution of Income Policy can Match Efficiency with Fairness

The question whether redistribution of income policy can match efficiency with fairness has been arguing for a long time. The answer to this question not only has profound theoretical significance, but also has important policy implication. This thesis discussed the question by constructing a formal theoretical model, and obtained a key conclusion that the redistribution policy could match efficiency with fairness under some conditions, but failed under other conductions. The conclusion implicates that if redistribution of income policy are designed reasonably according to the economic development level, the goal of matching efficiency with fairness can be achieved, otherwise, the policy will impede economic growth.