代际气候正义中的历史责任沉思--兼与徐峰博士商榷

气候变化问题的生成既是一个具体的社会历史进程，也是一个不断地由地方性转向全球性的过程。作为现代工业文明的产物，气候变化问题是现代性的后果。代际气候正义处理的是代际之间在气候资源配置与消费上的正义关系，主要包括前代人应该承担什么样的历史责任和当代人对未来人具有什么样的义务。在代际气候正义的历史责任认定上，“可原谅的无知”不能为发达国家或前代人的大气污染行为免责。因为“无知”不等于“不知”，“可原谅的无知”带来了责任认定上的契约主义，不利于贯彻代际气候正义原则。发达国家承担历史责任的依据在于“合理的谨慎”。原因在于引发气候变化问题的各主体都存着道义上义务---“合理的谨慎”，这是代际气候正义得以实现的重要原则。人类必须在资源有限的条件下展开社会合作，“合理的谨慎”能够保证社会合作与社会发展的顺利实现；气候变化问题是现代性风险的重要体现，“合理的谨慎”是应对气候变化问题的有效理念；气候变化问题归责的立足点在于各方主体的行为，正是各方主体未能履行“合理的谨慎”义务，才引发了全球性的温室效应。

Historical Responsibility Thought of Intergenerational Climate Justice：Discussion with Dr. XU Feng

The formation of climate change is not only a specific social and historical process, and also a process of constantly from local to global. As a product of modern industrial civilization, the issue of climate change is the consequence of modernity. Intergenerational climate justice deals with the relationship between intergenerational justice on climate resource allocation and consumption, mainly includes the former generations should bear what kind of historical responsibility and contemporary people have what kind of obligation for the future. In identification of the historical responsibility of Intergenerational climate justice, Dr. Xu Feng proposed“pardonable ignorance” can not disclaim for atmospheric pollution behavior of developed countries or the previous generation＇s exemption. The basis of historical responsibility in the developed countries is “reasonable care”. Human beings must conduct social cooperation under the condition of limited resources, and the “reasonable care” is able to guarantee the smooth realization of the social cooperation and social development;Climate change is the important embodiment of modernity risk, “reasonable care” is an effective idea to address climate change. Imputation foothold on climate change is that the parties to the main body of the behavior, it is the main body failed to fulfill their obligation to“reasonable care” and has caused the global greenhouse effect.