论抗战时期陕甘宁边区社会教育的几个问题

社会教育是中国共产党在敌后抗日根据地的一项重要的社会政策。这一政策的目标一是扫除文盲,二是提高民众的政治水平、激发民众的民族意识和政治参与的热情。由于传统的文化背景、民众对识字的生理和心理负担、在社教中强化政治教育而弱化识字教育以及边区的经济、文化基础薄弱等多种原因,使扫盲的实际效果与扫盲理想相差甚远。边区的社会教育既是群众性的扫盲运动,又是比较彻底的社会动员,后者显得更重要、更突出。民众接受社会教育的过程,实际上是对中共在乡村政权的认同过程。在这个过程中,中共实现了在边区乡村权力主角的转换,并通过社会教育控制了全部乡村社会资源。

On Social Education in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region During Anti-Japanese War

Social education was one of the most important policies of the Communist Party in fighting the Japanese invaders in the base areas. It aimed to eliminate illiteracy, improve the masses politic level and arouse the masses patriotic consiousness and enthusiasm of the political participation. Owing to the traditional cultural background, physiological and psychological burden of learning on the masses,overemphasis on political education and neglect of intellectual education and the weak economic and cultural basis in the border area, the actual effect of the campaign of eliminating illiteracy was far from the ideal effect. The social education in the border area was both a masses' campaign and a comparatively thorough social mobilization, the latter being more important and prominent. The process the masses received the social education was actually the process the masses recognized the political power of the Communist Party in the rural area, in which the Communist Party realized the transformation of its role in the rural area in the border area and took all the social resources under control through social education.