司法裁判的行政决策模式——对中国法院“司法行政化”现象的重新考察

经过近十年的司法改革,中国法院始终没有摒弃那种通过行政审批来进行司法决策的惯常作法。这既造成审理权与裁判权的分离,也使得合议制度变得难以实施。这种司法裁判的行政审批机制之所以盛行不衰,首先是因为法院普遍存在着司法裁判职能与司法行政管理职能的混淆问题,使得具有较高行政级别的司法官员难以与普通法官平等地行使司法裁判权。另一个原因则是在现行司法程序中没有建立一种"通过诉权来制约司法裁判权"的机制,使得控辩双方无法对法官的裁判权产生有效的制约。

The Mode of the Administrative Decision in Jurisdiction: "Administration of Justice" Phenomenon in Chinese Courts Revisited

After nearly 10 years of judicial reform,China's courts have never abandoned the usual practice to make a judicial decision by the administrative examination.This not only caused the separation on trial and jurisdiction,but also made it difficult to carry out the collegial system.This administrative examination of jurisdiction is prevalent in a long time.First,it has a widespread confusion in courts of the functions of jurisdiction and judicial administration.Then,it is very difficult that the judicial officials in a high administrative level can exercise the jurisdiction equally.Another reason is the current judicial process has not established a mechanism that regulates the right of jurisdiction by the right of action.The prosecution and the defense can't make an effective constraint for the judge's decision.