鶡冠子的理想政治论——五正论及其理论渊源

鶡冠子的理想政治和时局有密切的关系,他对一些大国不能得志于天下,深感痛惜。他深思败亡之由,并借此提出自己的理想政治论——“五正论”,即神化、官治、教治、因治、事治。这是以时间(上古到当前)、政治的理想程度(由神化到事治)为序,时代愈远,君王的精神境界愈高。神化与官治的理论,渊源有自,主要来自帛书《黄帝书》、《庄子》等。鶡冠子认为,圣王的精神境界达到最高时,能御控阴阳两气,并能掌握自然变化与人事变迁,使人与自然和谐相处。这种理想政治的实施,会统一中国。

Ho-Kuan-tzu’s Utopian Politics: Five-governing Theory and Its Theoretical Origin

Ho-Kuan-tzu strongly concerned the political situations and felt sorry that some powerful countries were not able to conquer the world because kings were stupid so as to cause the countries downfallen and perished. He reflected and analyzed the reasons and expressed his utopian ideas:five-governing theory, detailed the most important two types of five-governing, Clairvoyant transformation and ordering by officials, the sagely and emperor having profound spiritual states, communicated with Yin Qi(Grand energy) and Yang Qi, set up and ordered four seasons and all things on the earth, made them exist, not resist but well rejoice in harmony. This theory laid particular emphasis on Yin Qi and Yang Qi’s impact on governing, and cultivating moral character and Qi. In his opinion, the emperor would unify the whole world so that all national minorities obeyed the central government earnestly if the emperor followed his theory.