食品可追溯体系建设的标准问题研究

为提升食品安全水平,中国正积极开展食品可追溯体系建设,并率先在行业风险较高、民众消费量较大的猪肉上展开试点建设和逐步推广.然而经过十多年的发展,中国不同地区、不同企业之间实施的猪肉可追溯体系由于应用不同的标准而不相兼容,严重抑制了其防范食品安全风险的功能.2012年中国商务部陆续发布了指导流通环节肉类蔬菜可追溯体系建设的统一行业标准,意在推动不同地区或企业之间相关可追溯标准的统一.通过考察中国最大的生猪屠宰加工企业——南京H企业实施可追溯体系的标准与流程,发现H企业的猪肉可追溯标准与行业标准之间尚不兼容,在信息采集、信息存储、追溯码、信息处理与传递方式等方面均存在显著的差异.在此基础上,总结出了抑制大型生猪屠宰加工企业应用猪肉可追溯行业标准的三点原因,并提出了如何率先引导大型企业将其可追溯标准与行业标准相兼容,逐步推动猪肉可追溯标准相统一,进而引领与促进中国食品可追溯体系建设的对策建议.

Study on the standard of food traceability system

The food traceability system has been positively implemented in China to enhance the food safety level for decades.The food traceability system was first built on pork which has high food safety risk and high consumption by consumers in China.The Chinese food traceability system between different enterprises or different areas is not compatible by using different traceability standards,which severely inhibited the food traceability system to prevent food safety risk.Until 2012,the Ministry of Commerce of China has issued a series industry standards and rules to guide the construction of meat and vegetable circulation traceability system.They want to unify the traceable standard between different areas and different corporations.This paper takes China''s biggest pig slaughter and processing enterprises -Nanjing pig slaughter and processing enterprise H as an example,and studies its own standards and pork traceability system procedure.The results show that there are significant differences between the pork traceability system standard of H enterprises and industry standard in information acquisition,information storage,tracking code,and information processing and transfer method.Accordingly,three reasons are summarized why pig slaughter and processing enterprises do not use pork traceability industry.At last,this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions about how to induce big pig slaughter and processing enterprise unify their pork traceable standard with industry pork traceable standard to lead and promote the implement of food traceability system in China.