《凉州词》抒情主人公的有限视点与首句异文问题

唐诗《凉州词》首句异文久辩难决，是由于诗篇抒情人及其视点问题，没有引起人们的重视。“黄河远上”句，清人吴乔按作品中人物（抒情人）的有限视点质疑“何得为景”，而不少评论者则按诗篇作者的全知视点为之辩护。其实，《凉州词》的抒情主人公是作品中前来边塞访问的旅客（作者化身），作者是以旅客的有限视点写景抒情的。因此，首句所描写的应是“黄沙远上”，而非争辩中的“黄河远上”或“黄沙直上”。而“黄河远上”论者影响较大的“征人”说和“倒望”说，以及在美感、意境和环境等问题上的一些辩词，皆有值得商榷之处。

The Protagonist's Limited Vision and the Lection of the First Line in "Liang Zhou Ci"

The lection in the first line of the Tang poem ＂Liang Zhou Ci＂ hasn＇t been settled up to now because not enough attention has been paid to the protagonist and his vision. When Wu Qiao in the Qing Dynasty questions ＂the Yellow River extends to the white clouds＂ and asks ＂How can one see the river since it is a thousand miles away？＂, he is trying to see from the protagonist perspective, whereas many defenders of the poem adopt the omnipresent narrator＇ s view. Actually, the protagonist in this poem is a traveler （ alter ego of the poet） who comes to the frontier from afar, and the poet is depicting the scene from a traveler＇ s limited vision. Hence, it should be ＂the yellow sand extends＂ rather than ＂the Yellow River extends＂ or ＂the yellow sand flies＂ in the first line. Such views as ＂a soldier as protagonist＂ or ＂ a back view＂ favored by some ars, and their arguments on aesthetic sense, imagery and environment, are all arguable.