空间活动的许可制度与外层空间环境保护——以比较法为视角

人类的空间活动已对外层空间产生了明显的负面影响。1967年《外空条约》要求缔约国对本国的空间活动承担责任,非政府实体的空间活动应受缔约国批准并受其不断的监督。该条约还要求各缔约国从事空间活动时,应避免使外层空间受到有害污染。为履行这一义务,许多国家通过其国内立法规定了空间活动(主要是发射活动)的许可制度,其中往往包含保护外层空间环境的要求,作为获取许可证的一个必要条件或实施监管的重要内容之一。

The Licensing System for Space Activities and Protection of Outer Space Environment: a Comparative Law Perspective

The mankind’s space activities have had the negative impact on the space environments.The 1967 Outer Space Treaty requires that the States Parties to the Treaty shall bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space, and the activities of non-governmental entities in outer space shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Party to the Treaty. The Treaty also requires that the States Parties to the Treaty should avoid the harmful contamination to outer space in the exploration and use of outer space. In order to fulfill the obligations, many countries have specific provisions in their domestic legislation on the licensing system of space activities (mainly launch activities), most of which include protection of the outer space environment requirements, and consider it as a necessary condition to obtain a license or an important part for the implementation of regulation.