包头回族皮毛贸易(1879-1945)

道光三十年(1850年),包头便成为黄河中上游的水运货物集散地,作为边境贸易城镇的区位优越性更加明显体现出来,光绪五年(1879年)天津洋行买办到西北收购羊毛后,包头皮毛市场功能从产地市场向转运市场转变。民国11年(1923年)京包铁路通车后,两种最经济便捷的运输方式在包头汇集,连接着皮毛的产地市场和终端市场,包头成为北方广大地区的水陆交通中心和最大的皮毛集散地,引发黄河中上游地区商品流通渠道重大变迁。

Trade on Sheep Wools and Furs by the Huis in Baotou of Inner Mogolia

In the thirtieth year of the Daoguang reign(1850) of the Qing Dynasty,Baotou of Inner Mogolia became a distribution center for water transportation on the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,and its advantages for frontier trade became gradually notable.In the fifth year of the Guangxu reign(1879),the coming and purchasing of sheep wool by the then compradors of foreign companies in Tianjin made the function of Baotou shift from sheep wool trade center to a distribution center.With the opening up of the Jing-Bao Railway in the eleventh year of the Democratic Republic(1923),the two most economist ways of transportation methods converged in Baotou.Hence,Baotou became a center both for land and water transportations,and it also became the biggest distribution center in terms of sheepskins and sheep wool trading in Northern China.As a consequence,the trade channels in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River had been changed ever since