工程伦理“应当”的道德哲学依据

当代工程伦理规范研究与实际应用中出现的矛盾与困境，在于人们仅注重于寻求具体工程伦理问题的解决方案，而忽略了对工程伦理规范“应当”的道德哲学依据的分析和研究。在“道德形上学”的层面，“应当”的话语系统表达人在工程-人-自然-社会整体存在中“做得好”更要“活得好”及至实现“好的生活”的努力，以规范、准则的存在样态规约工程行为者的诸多责任。通过对工程实践反思性把握的总结、抽象和提炼，“应当”体现人在长期的工程活动实践中所形成的一种理想的、积极的工程与人、自然、社会交往方式、存在样式，同时又构成对工程行为者的规范性视角，将“我”所应担负的责任或义务形式化。

The Basis of Moral Philosophy on"Ought to Be"of Engineering Ethics

Contradictions and dilemmas in study and application of contemporary engineering ethics is because that we only focus on seeking solutions to specific engineering ethics problems, but ignores analyzing the reasons of moral philosophy about "should be" in engineering ethics codes. At a metaphysical viewing, on one hand, through the discourse system of "engineers should…", the codes express people working in engineering activities should not only "do well" but also "live well" in the whole existence of human, nature, society and engineering, efforts to realize the "good life" as well. On the other hand, the codes provide many responsibilities to different actors in engineering activities. At the viewing of moral philosophy, through concluding and abstracting to reflect on engineering practice, "ought to be" incarnates a kind of ideal and positive manners of association and existence in engineering with people, nature and society in a long-term engineering practice. Meanwhile, it constitutes the normative view of engineering that formalizes the responsibility or obligation which "I" should undertake.