民间信仰与社会变迁——以双江县一个布朗族村寨的祭竜仪式为例

竜神是布朗族的村寨保护神,竜神崇拜和祭竜仪式是布朗族社会中十分重要的一种民间信仰,影响着布朗族群众的行为方式、价值观念和伦理道德,蕴涵着深刻的文化内涵.它一方面满足了布朗族群众祈求平安幸福的美好愿望和心理诉求,另一方面也起到了维护村寨的道德秩序、凝聚民族向心力以及保护生态环境的积极作用.在现代化进程中,曾经被视为"封建迷信"而遭到批判和禁止的布朗族祭竜仪式在经过短暂的断裂之后迅速复兴,并逐步参与到国家的活动中,充分展示了民间信仰面对社会变迁和国家力量所表现出来的极强的适应性.这种传统的复兴与再造实质上是国家权力、民间精英以及民众生活动力等多种因素互动的结果.

Folk Belief and Social Change: A Case Study of the Long-God Ritual in a Bulang Village of Shuangjiang County

Long-God is regarded as the Guarding God of the Bulang village. The worshiping ritual of Long-God, an important folk belief in the Bulang society, exerts much influence on the behaviors, values and ethics of the Bulang people. The rich cultural implications of this ritual can satisfy the psychological needs and express the good wishes of the Bulangs and play a positive role in organizing the government activities, maintaining the village ethic order and the ecological balance and in uniting the Bulangs as an ethnic group. This ritual, once forbidden as a "feudal superstition", has enjoyed a revival in the process of modernization and revealed its flexible adaptation to the social and national changes, which is the results of the interaction of various factors like the state power, the folk elite and folk vitality.