《边城》重释

1934年沈从文重返故乡,情愫兼生,既有物是人非的惆怅和感慨,又有对坚强执着生存的乡民的同情和尊敬,还有对外来经济、政治势力入侵所造成的湘西民风的渐变、国民性的改变等的愤慨。这种复杂的情感倾向,影响了《边城》的写作,造成了《边城》主题的多义性和叙事的含混性。翠翠的爱情悲剧,与老船夫的"不作为"实在大有关联。沈从文的人道主义情怀深藏于边城山水风俗画表相之下的命运感伤喟叹之中。沈从文从边城出发,经过18年漫长的奋斗,终于得到了多少人梦寐以求而未得的"名誉,金钱和爱情",算是北京城里的成功人士了,尤其是与张兆和的成功结合,更是让沈从文时常产生一种不真实的人生虚幻之感,写作《边城》是一种必需的心理补偿,他的爱情本来应该是如故乡边城年青人无可逃避的悲剧命运那样,大佬、二佬和翠翠等人在小说中"替他活过一回"。"乡下人"痛苦的挣扎,长久的压抑,爱情的憧憬,受伤的灵魂,在《边城》写作中得以安妥。那种浓郁的"秋天的感觉""人生无常"的感喟,实在是对"现世安稳"的万千庆幸与心理补偿。

The Reinterpretation for Border Town

In 1934,Shen Congwen returned to his hometown and had mixed feelings.These feelings include the melancholy and plaint for change of hometown,the sympathy and respect for the strong and persistent villagers,and the indignation at the gradual change of the folk custom and national character in West Hunan caused by the invasion of foreign economic and political forces.This kind of complex emotion influences the writing of Border Town,resulting in the polysemy of its theme and the ambiguity of its narration.The love tragedy of Cuicui is closely related to the“inaction”of the old boatman.Shen Congwen s humanitarian feelings are buried in the plaint of the fate of the landscape and customs paintings in Border Town.Shen Congwen set out from the border town,and after 18 years of hard work,he finally got the“fame,money,and love”that many people have been dreaming of but never got.As a successful person in Beijing,especially after getting married to Zhang Zhaohe,Shen Congwen often had an unreal sense of life.Writing Border Town is a necessary psychological compensation for Shen Congwen.His love should have been the inescapable tragic fate of the young people in the border town of his hometown,who“lived for him once”in the novel.The bitter struggle,the long depression,the longing for love,and the wounded soul of the“country people”are reflected in Border Town.The strong plaint for“autumn sense”and“life impermanent”is the thousands of felicity and psychological compensation for“worldly security”.