汉字部件的避让变形

汉字演变到楷书日趋方正工整,为求字形的严谨清晰,组字部件会发生变形,如左部件的横变提、竖弯钩变竖提、捺变点、竖变撇,上部件的竖钩变竖、点变横、捺变点,下部件的撇变竖、捺变点,内部件的捺变点,这些变形都是为了避让另一个部件,以达到整字的方正严谨。汉字出于构形和美学的变形,本应该相同部件变形一致,但《通用规范汉字表》中的部分字形与变形规则仍存在不一致现象。在对《通用规范汉字表》中的避让变形进行穷尽性统计的基础上,对部件变形的普遍规则予以归纳总结,对特殊字例逐字录出说明,以期为汉字教学和汉字信息化处理提供参考和借鉴。

Avoidance Deformation of Chinese about Character Components

The current Chinese characters becomes more upright and foursquare.To obtain the preciseness and clarity of the glyph,components of characters usually deform.For example,the left component will change Heng to Ti,Shuwangou to Shuti,na to dian,and shu to pie;the upper component will change shugou to shu,dian to heng,and na to dian;the lower component will change pie to shu,and na to dian;the internal component will change na to dian.These deformation are to avoid another component in order to achieve the square of the whole characters.Due to the deformation of configuration and aesthetics,Chinese characters should have the same deformation of the same parts,but there are still some inconsistencies between the Chinese characters and the deformation rules in “General Standard Chinese Characters Table”.Exhaustive statistics are carried out on the deformation in “General Standard Chinese Characters Table”,and the general rules of component deformation are summarized and the special examples are all recorded in order to provide reference for studying and information processing of Chinese characters.