清前期天地会的合法性基础--以广东天地会为例

清前期,天地会在广东不少地区存在,说明天地会在广东已在一定程度上获得了合法性。清前期广东天地会的合法性有三个基础:首先是合利益性,即符合一部分社会成员的经济利益需求。其次是暴力恐吓,暴力可以使天地会直接获得诸多财物来直接满足组织成员的利益需求,进而获得这些组织成员的忠诚与支持;还可以使那些原本不愿加入天地会的社会成员被迫支持或加入天地会,从而扩大了天地会的合法性基础。第三是符合“遇事互相帮助”的社会价值观,这一价值观通过集体抢劫谋得经济好处、对付乡村劣绅、借避免被人欺侮来体现。这三个基础相互依存,相互作用,共同构成清前期广东天地会的合法性基础。

The Legitimacy Foundation of Heaven and Earth Society In Early Qing Dynasty

In earliy Qing Dynasty,the Heaven and Earth Society spread in most of the areas of Guangdong,which indicated the Heaven and Earth Society had got the legitimacy to some extent.There are three foundations: First is the benefit collection,namely it conforms to the economic demand of some different social classes' members.Next is the violence threat.The violence may cause the Heaven and Earth Society to obtain many possessions to satisfy directly organizes member's benefit demand,then obtains these to organize the member to be loyal and the support;also may cause the members of different social classes which these is not willing to join the Heaven and Earth society originally to be compelled to support or to join the Heaven and Earth society,thus expanded the Heaven and Earth society legitimacy foundation.The last is the social value,that is,"mutual help when encountering a difficulty".This value is reflected by the collective seeking the economic advantage by robbery,coping with the village rotten gentry,taking advantage of being bullied by others.These three foundations are interdependent and interactive,jointly constituting the legitimacy foundation of Guangdong Heaven and Earth Society in early Qing Dynasty.