日本国会选举研究：历史、理论与启示

日本是近代第一个建立宪政民主的非西方国家，其国会选举始于19世纪90年代，先后经历过三个发展阶段，即从战前官僚权威体制下的“规制民主”、战后初期占领体制下的“强制民主”到逐步走向“法制民主”，并被当今各国政治学者公认为“亚洲最成熟的民主体制”。对日本由“移植民主”向“本土民主”转化过程中，国会选举对其民主政治发展重要性的分析评价，能够为我们认识东亚地区民主化进程的前景提供有益线索。今后，“加强公民教育”、“合理管理选举”、“清除选举腐败”是日本选举政治发展中必须注意的三个问题。

Research into the Election of the Japanese Congress: History, Theory and Enlightenment

Japan is the first non-western country of establishing the constitutional democracy in the modern times. The election of its congress began in 1890s and underwent three development stages, that is, from the pre-war regulation-based democracy under the system of bureaucratic authority and the post-war compulsory democracy under the system of occupation to legal democracy, which is commonly considered the most mature democratic system of Asia by the political scholars of each country at present. In the course of changing "transplanted democracy" to "local democracy" in Japan, the election of congress is of great importance to the development of democratic politics. Analysis of the congress election will provide helpful clue for us to realize the prospect of democratic development in the Eastern Asia. From now on, three aspects must be paid great attention to in the Japanese election political development, that is, strengthening the civil education, reasonably managing election and eliminating election corruption.