从巴赫金与王国维的作品看作者的地位问题

20世纪20年代以来，作者这一因素在文学研究与文学评论中逐渐受到轻视。研究者与评论者对作者的声音在作品中出现的必要性与作品完全独立的可能性产生了疑虑。以巴赫金的复调小说理论和王国维的境界说为例，可以看到，主人公按照性格发展的逻辑体现出充分的自由性，但这种自由性仍然取决于作家对现实的把握；而对作者超然于作品之外的“无我之境”的赞美也不得不承认作者对作品的驾驭之功。

Author's Position in View of Bakhtin's and WANG Guo-wei's Theories

Since 1920s, the factor of author had been held in contempt gradually. The researchers and critics doubted the necessity of author＇ s appearance in the works and the possibility of text＇ s complete independence. Bakhtin＇ s theory of polyphony and WANG Guo-wei＇s theory of Jingjie show as examples, the characters perform their full freedom according to the logic of natural temperament, which is still determined by author＇s knowledge about reality. Also, the advocators of ＂selfless reahn＂, which means in the literary works authors should forget themselves, have to take author＇s excellent control of works seriously.