美国第十三条宪法修正案生成的路径依赖分析

本文以美国新经济史学家诺斯的路径依赖理论为基础,分析美国第十三条宪法修正案的由来.建国后的美国宪政体制确认了南部蓄奴州与北部自由州的划分,并形成报酬递增型路径依赖.内战前美国宪政机制陷入僵化、锁定的不良路径.强制性制度变迁成为打破僵化宪政体制的必要.美国以南北战争这种强制性制度变迁方式废除了存在美国250年之久的奴隶制度,产生了第十三条宪法修正案,它是美国曾经存在奴隶制度的逻辑产物.

Path Dependence Analysis of the Origin of American 13th Constitutional Amendment

Based on American new economic historian North Douglas' path dependence theory,this article analyzes the origin of American 13th Constitutional Amendment.After the founding of the United States,American constitutional system confirmed division of the Southern Slavery and the Northern Free States,and also formed increasing return-path dependence.Before the Civil War,American constitutional system fell into rigid,locked path which is not a good path.Compulsory system change became necessary to break the rigid constitutional system.The United States' Civil War abolished the slave system which had existed in America for 250 years,brought about the 13th Constitutional Amendment,which was the logic product of the slave system.