元代中晚期文人论“气”的内涵演变

元代中期文人论“气”有两个特点：一是在前人的基础上,坚持“以理论气”;二是以把“气”之盛衰与国运之盛衰、诗文之盛衰三者绑定起来论述。但元中期文人始终未能对政权有家国一体的感觉,形成了极富特色的“旁观者心态”,故而元代中期文坛始终未出现真正意义上的“盛世”。到了晚期,文人以“气”论文有了新的变化,表现有二：一是“气”论的向下转,即“台阁气”向“山林气”的转变;二是“气”论的向内转,即“以理论气”和“气运说”向以情性论“气”的转变。这种转变又昭示着文坛格局与走向的新变。

The Evolvement of the Meaning of Qi in the Opinion on Literary in the Middle and Late Yuan Dynasty

There were two contents in the opinion of Qi(a dominant force) in the opinion of literature in the middle Yuan Dynasty.On one hand,interpreting Qi directed by Li(the supreme criterion) was insisted.On the other hand,the rise and fall of Qi,national fate and poem and prose was believed interrelated.However,there was no real heyday throughout the Yuan Dynasty due to the mentality as a stander-by of literator of Yuan Dynasty.There were two changes in so-called criticizing articles directed by Qi.On one hand it turned downward,viz,the transformation from the feature of Court to that of mountains.On the other hand,it turned inward,viz,the transformation from interpreting Qi directed by Li to interpreting Qi directed by temperament.This meant the emergence of new style in literary circle.